Nuristani Historical Linguistics

This post consists of words in Nuristani that were borrowed from Middle Indo-Aryan, showing Indo-Aryan instead of inherited Nuristani sound changes, with corresponding Old Indo-Aryan and Middle Indo-Aryan forms for comparison.  This list is continually updated. Since there were different Middle Indo-Aryan varieties in the Northwest and not all of them are attested, a reconstructed form is given for Middle Indo-Aryan. ( For abbreviations and sources, see this post . For Nuristani orthographic conventions, see this post .) (1) OIA  śālā- "stable" > MIA * śālā- > Ash. (M) <sal> /sal/ "cattle-shed"  > Kt. (W/NE) šol, (SE) pšol > Pr.  šal / šal/ > NKal. (Wg/Zh/ N) < šāl > / šāl/ > Tr. (D) < šāl > / šāl / (2) OIA  ś ā ṭa- "turban" + [-ka-] > MIA * ś ā ḍ a[ga]- > Kt. (NE/SE) šařë́ > Pr. šir /šir/ (3)  OIA áśru- "tear"  + -ka- > MIA *aṣṣuga- >  NKal. (Wg) <üṣ'ük> /üṣǘk/, (Zh)  üṣǘk, (N) ...

Dameli is an Indo-Iranian language whose precise classification as Indo-Aryan or Nuristani is still debated. Indeed, Dameli contains a substantial layer of Nuristani-derived words, some of which are part of the language's basic vocabulary. Here, we will try to sort out the Indo-Aryan and Nuristani layers on both lexical and morphological grounds. ( For abbreviations and sources, see this post . For Nuristani orthographic conventions, see this post .) Documentation Morgenstierne (1942) provides us with the first detailed look of the Dameli language, calling it a "Kafir-Dardic" language. He describes some salient Nuristani phonological developments (such as the development of IE palatovelars) alongside a sketch morphology and lexicon. Perder (2013) is the first comprehensive grammar of Dameli, covering most essential features of the language. We will use Perder's orthography when citing Dameli forms. The Nuristani component of Dameli One easily recognizable criterion fo...