Appendix 2: Middle Indo-Aryan borrowings in Nuristani

This post consists of words in Nuristani that were borrowed from Middle Indo-Aryan, showing Indo-Aryan instead of inherited Nuristani sound changes, with corresponding Old Indo-Aryan and Middle Indo-Aryan forms for comparison. This list is continually updated.

Since there were different Middle Indo-Aryan varieties in the Northwest and not all of them are attested, a reconstructed form is given for Middle Indo-Aryan.

(For abbreviations and sources, see this post. For Nuristani orthographic conventions, see this post.)

(1) OIA śālā- "stable" > MIA *śālā-

> Ash. (M) <sal> /sal/ "cattle-shed" 

> Kt. (W/NE) šol, (SE) pšol

> Pr. šal /šal/

> NKal. (Wg/Zh/N) <šāl> /šāl/

> Tr. (D) <šāl> /šāl/

(2) OIA śāṭa- "turban" + [-ka-] > MIA *śāḍa[ga]-

> Kt. (NE/SE) šařë́

> Pr. šir /šir/

(3) OIA áśru- "tear" + -ka- > MIA *aṣṣuga-

> NKal. (Wg) <üṣ'ük> /üṣǘk/, (Zh) üṣǘk, (N) <üšük> /üṣǘk/

(4) OIA *lavaṇḍa- "slave" + [-ka-] > MIA *lavaṇḍa[ga]-

> Ash. (M) <la'wën> ~ <lə'wen> /lavë́ṇ/ ~ /lëvë́ṇ/, (T) <lä'weṇ> /lavë́ṇ/, (S) <lav′aṇ> /lëvë́ṇ/

> Kt. (W) lavë́ṇ, (NE/SE) lṓṇë

> Pr. lọ̄ṇḍ ~ luṇḍˈū /loṇḍ/ ~ /luṇḍú/

> NKal. (Wg) <law'əṇə> /lavë́ṇë/, (Zh) <lāwřä̃> ~ <lāwä̃ř> /lavň̩́/, (N) <loṇa> /loṇá/

(5) OIA kā́ṇḍa- "section, stalk, arrow" > MIA *kāṇḍa-

> Ash. (M/T) <kaṇ> /kaṇ/, (S) <k′âṇ> /kaṇ/

> Kt. (W) koṇ ~ kuṇ, (NE/SE) koṇ

> Pr. kə̄ /kë/

> NKal. (Wg/Zh) <křä̃> /kň̩/, (N) <kâṇ> ~ <kāṇ> /kāṇ/

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